Aging and brain injury sources

[1] Chronic conditions in elderly, Statistics Canada

[2] Social isolations in elderly, Statistics Canada

[3] Fleminger, S. (2003). Head injury as a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease: The evidence 10 years on; a partial replication. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 74(7), 857-862. doi:10.1136/jnnp.74.7.857

[4] Kuźma, E. et al., (2018). Stroke and dementia risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis [Abstract]. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 14(11), 1416-1426. doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.3061.
Sen, A., Capelli, V., & Husain, M. (2018). Cognition and dementia in older patients with epilepsy. Brain, 141(6), 1592-1608. doi:10.1093/brain/awy022

[5] Chan, V. et al., (2013). Older Adults with Acquired Brain Injury: Outcomes After Inpatient Rehabilitation. Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue Canadienne Du Vieillissement, 32(3), 278-286. doi:10.1017/s0714980813000317

[6] Canadian Institute for Health Information

[7] Chan, V. et al., (2013). Older adults with acquired brain injury: A population based study. BMC Geriatrics, 13(1). doi:10.1186/1471-2318-13-97

[8] Health at a Glance, Statistics Canada

[9] McIntyre, A. (2014). Traumatic Brain Injury in Older Adults: A Review [Abstract]. Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation, 30(3), 230-236.

[10] Wagner, A. K. (2001). Functional prognosis in traumatic brain injury. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: state of the arts reviews, 15, 245-265.

[11] Chan, V., Zagorski, B., Parsons, D., & Colantonio, A. (2013). Article 19 Older Adults with Acquired Brain Injury: Functional Independence Measures after Inpatient Rehabilitation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 94(10). doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2013.08.037, and;
Chan, V., Zagorski, B., Parsons, D., & Colantonio, A. (2013). Older Adults with Acquired Brain Injury: Outcomes After Inpatient Rehabilitation. Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue Canadienne Du Vieillissement, 32(3), 278-286. doi:10.1017/s0714980813000317

[12] Thompson, H. J., et al.,(2006). Traumatic Brain Injury in Older Adults: Epidemiology, Outcomes, and Future Implications. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 54(10), 1590-1595. doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2006.00894.x

[13] Testa, J. A., et al.,(2005). Outcome After Traumatic Brain Injury: Effects of Aging on Recovery. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 86(9), 1815-1823. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2005.03.010

[14] Teasell, R. et al., 2018. Epidemiology and Long-term Outcomes Following Acquired Brain Injury. Evidence-based review of moderate to severe acquired brain injury


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  • The product or service promises a quick fix
  • Sound too good to be true
  • Are dramatic or sweeping and are not supported by reputable medical and scientific organizations.
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  • The results or recommendations of product or treatment are based on a single or small number of case studies and has not been peer-reviewed by external experts
  • Use of testimonials from celebrities or previous clients/patients that are anecdotal and not evidence-based 

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